The Tottenham Hotspur captain had played in the club's Premier League game against Everton on Saturday.
A Scotland Yard spokesman said: "A 28-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of ABH following an allegation of assault by a man in his 20s."
He said the man was arrested in Soho Street at about 0230 BST.
The spokesman said: "The 28-year-old man remains in custody. Charing Cross CID are investigating.
"The man was arrested after a routine patrol was flagged down."
Mr King has 19 international caps and was in the England squad for the 2004 European Championship. He has appeared more than 250 times for Tottenham and played the whole 90 minutes of the team's 0-0 draw with Everton on Saturday.
Going from playing in Liverpool then beating someone up at 2:00AM in London, nice turnaround.